![]() ![]() ![]() Pregnant women and children of 6 months or older can use DEET-containing insect repellent.Use DEET-containing insect repellent on exposed parts of the body and clothing.Wear loose, light-coloured long-sleeved tops and trousers.To prevent vector-borne diseases, members of the public need to protect themselves from stings / bites of mosquitoes, mites and ticks, and prevent their proliferation. Mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting dengue fever (Aedes mosquitoes), Japanese encephalitis (Culex mosquitoes) and malaria (Anopheles mosquitoes) while scrub typhus and spotted fever are transmitted by mites and ticks respectively. Most dengue fever and malaria cases recorded are imported from endemic countries via international travel, while most cases of scrub typhus and spotted fever acquired the infection locally and had history of going to vegetated areas in Hong Kong, for example hiking areas, outdoor workplaces, vegetated areas near home or outdoor recreational areas. In Hong Kong, there are several important vector-borne diseases including dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, scrub typhus and spotted fever. They can be caused by parasites, bacteria or viruses. The diseases transmitted by vectors are called vector-borne diseases. This has given some Australian producers access to bluetongue-sensitive overseas markets that were not previously available to them.Vectors are living organisms such as mosquitoes, mites and ticks that can carry disease from one infected person (or animal) to another person. Those carried by mosquitoes (such as bovine ephemeral fever, Murray Valley encephalitis, Ross River and Kunjin) are more widely distributed.Ī bluetongue-free zone has been established from surveillance data obtained by the monitoring program. Those carried by Culicoides midges (such as bluetongue and Akabane) are mainly confined to the north and east of Queensland. The distribution of arboviruses is determined by their insect vectors. Insect traps near the animals in these herds show whether insect vectors are present. New animals are selected each year to replace those that develop antibodies to the viruses. They are blood tested at regular intervals to detect the incidence of viral infection. Surveillance carried out under the program provides producers with early warning of movement by these endemic diseases into new areas where cattle that have not previously been exposed are likely to suffer severe symptoms, including abortion, fever, loss of coordination and, in some cases, death.ĭata for the program is gathered by monitoring cattle located in sentinel herds – groups of cattle previously unexposed to arboviral infections. Risk management: Detecting seasonal changes in distribution of the 3 viruses and their vectors.Bluetongue early warning: Detecting incursions of exotic strains of bluetongue virus into North Queensland through surveillance of the northern bluetongue virus endemic area.Trade support: Facilitating the export of live sheep, cattle and goats to countries sensitive to bluetongue, Akabane and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF or three-day sickness) by providing scientific information for the development of export protocols and to meet export certification requirements.The program currently monitors the distribution of the 3 most economically important insect-borne viruses that affect livestock for trade: rhabdoviruses (bovine ephemeral fever).alphaviruses (Ross River, Barmah forest).flaviviruses (Murray Valley encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Kunjin).orbiviruses (bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease).Many arboviruses are present in Australia, especially in the tropical north. The Australian National Arbovirus Monitoring Program (NAMP) is responsible for monitoring the distribution of insect-borne viruses. the Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and Kunjin virus). There are 2 types of mosquito-borne viruses, namely Arboviruses (e.g. The main vector-transmitted diseases in cattle are three-day sickness (bovine ephemeral fever) and Akabane disease.Įquine infectious anaemia is a vector-disease affecting horses that can significantly increase after flooding. Vector-transmitted diseases are spread through the bites of infected arthropods (e.g. ![]()
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